{"id":7328,"date":"2025-12-01T08:30:21","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T00:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/?p=7328"},"modified":"2025-12-01T08:31:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T00:31:40","slug":"tool-steel-material-properties-grades-comparison-and-specifications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/tool-steel-material-properties-grades-comparison-and-specifications\/","title":{"rendered":"Tool Steel Material Properties Grades Comparison and Specifications"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Explore comprehensive tool steel material properties with detailed grades, chemical composition, hardness, heat treatment, and application guides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"314\" src=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-1024x314.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-1024x314.png 1024w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-300x92.png 300w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-768x235.png 768w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1.png 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quick Comparison Table: Top Tool Steel Grades<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a snapshot of the most popular tool steel grades used across industries. This quick guide covers their key properties, typical hardness, and main applications\u2014helping you pick the right material fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Grade (AISI)<\/th><th>Common Name<\/th><th>DIN\/EN Equivalent<\/th><th>Key Properties<\/th><th>Typical Hardness (HRC)<\/th><th>Main Applications<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>D2 (High Carbon, High Chromium)<\/td><td>1.2379<\/td><td>Excellent wear resistance, good toughness<\/td><td>58\u201362<\/td><td>Blanking, cold work dies, punches<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A2<\/td><td>A2 (Air Hardening)<\/td><td>1.2363<\/td><td>Balanced toughness and wear resistance<\/td><td>56\u201360<\/td><td>Blanking, forming, medium-run tooling<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>O1<\/td><td>Oil Hardening<\/td><td>1.2510<\/td><td>Good machinability, decent wear resistance<\/td><td>55\u201362<\/td><td>Guards, jigs, cutting tools<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H13<\/td><td>Hot Work Tool Steel<\/td><td>1.2344<\/td><td>Great thermal fatigue resistance, toughness<\/td><td>48\u201353<\/td><td>Hot forging dies, extrusion dies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M2<\/td><td>High-Speed Steel (HSS)<\/td><td>1.3343<\/td><td>High hardness, wear resistance, moderate toughness<\/td><td>62\u201367<\/td><td>Cutting tools, drills, milling cutters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S7<\/td><td>Shock-Resisting Tool Steel<\/td><td>1.2310<\/td><td>Superior impact and toughness<\/td><td>54\u201360<\/td><td>Cold work tools, chisels, punches<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P20<\/td><td>Plastic Mold Steel<\/td><td>1.2311<\/td><td>Good polishability, corrosion resistance<\/td><td>28\u201332 (pre-hardened)<\/td><td>Plastic injection molds<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.2344<\/td><td>Tool Steel (Hot Work)<\/td><td>1.2344<\/td><td>Excellent hot hardness, wear and thermal fatigue resistance<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0Built tough to handle impact and shock without cracking. S7 is a typical shock-resistant grade used in hammers and heavy-duty tools.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Plastic Mold Steel:<\/strong>\u00a0Used to make molds for plastic injection molding. These steels, such as P20, combine good machinability, hardness, and resistance to cracking.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Knowing these classifications helps you pick the right steel for your application, whether you need wear resistance, heat tolerance, or impact strength. For more insights into machining and design, check out our guide on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/comprehensive-guide-to-helix-angle-for-machining-and-gear-design\/\">helix angle for machining and gear design<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Mechanical &amp; Physical Properties Explained<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding the key mechanical and physical properties of tool steel is vital to selecting the right grade for your application. Here\u2019s a straightforward breakdown of what matters most:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hardness &amp; Wear Resistance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hardness defines a tool steel\u2019s ability to resist deformation and scratching. Grades like D2 and M2 are known for their high hardness (usually above 60 HRC), offering excellent wear resistance\u2014ideal for cutting, punching, or forming tools that face constant abrasion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Toughness &amp; Impact Resistance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Toughness is about how well the steel handles shocks without cracking. Shock-resisting grades such as S7 excel here, providing durability under sudden impact, while hot work steels like H13 combine toughness with heat resistance, perfect for forging and extrusion dies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Machinability<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Some tool steels, like O1 and A2, are easier to machine in their annealed state, helping save time and costs during initial shaping. High-speed steels (M2) and air-hardening grades are typically tougher to machine but offer longer tool life after heat treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dimensional Stability after Heat Treatment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tool steels must maintain shape and size after hardening to ensure precision. Grades like A2 and P20 are prized for their good dimensional stability, making them favorites for molds and dies where tight tolerances are critical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thermal Fatigue Resistance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For tools exposed to repeated heating and cooling cycles, like hot work steels H13 and 1.2344, thermal fatigue resistance prevents cracks and extends tool life by enduring thermal shock stresses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While many tool steels aren\u2019t corrosion-resistant by default, some grades like modified 420 stainless steel, and D3 or D6, offer improved resistance to rust and oxidation, a must for tools exposed to moist or corrosive environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By balancing these properties with your specific needs\u2014whether you need wear resistance, toughness, or corrosion protection\u2014you can confidently choose the tool steel that delivers optimal performance. For detailed information on heat treatment and best machining practices of these steels, consider exploring our comprehensive&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/ultimate-guide-to-fastening-solutions-for-industrial-strength-and-durability\/\">tool steel heat treatment guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Detailed Grade-by-Grade Technical Data Sheets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/mmexport1644215231936-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/mmexport1644215231936-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/mmexport1644215231936-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/mmexport1644215231936-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/mmexport1644215231936.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">tool steel material properties<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>When selecting tool steel, understanding detailed technical data for each grade is key. This includes international designations, chemical makeup, physical and mechanical properties, heat treatment guidelines, hardness ranges, and typical applications. We also stock large sizes and various forms like round bars, flats, plates, and blocks to suit your project needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">International Designations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Grade (AISI)<\/th><th>DIN\/EN<\/th><th>JIS<\/th><th>GB<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>1.2379<\/td><td>SKD11<\/td><td>GCr12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A2<\/td><td>1.2363<\/td><td>SKD12<\/td><td>GCr12Mo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>O1<\/td><td>1.2510<\/td><td>SKS3<\/td><td>9CrWMn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H13<\/td><td>1.2344<\/td><td>SKD61<\/td><td>CrMoV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M2<\/td><td>1.3343 \/ 1.3243<\/td><td>SKH51<\/td><td>W18Cr4V<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S7<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P20<\/td><td>1.2311<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chemical Composition Snapshot (%) \u2014 Example for D2 and H13<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Element<\/th><th>D2<\/th><th>H13<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>C<\/td><td>1.5\u20131.6<\/td><td>0.32\u20130.45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cr<\/td><td>11.5\u201313<\/td><td>4.75\u20135.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mo<\/td><td>0.7\u20131.2<\/td><td>1.1\u20131.75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V<\/td><td>0.9\u20131.4<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mn<\/td><td>0.3<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Si<\/td><td>0.3<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Property<\/th><th>D2<\/th><th>H13<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>7.6<\/td><td>7.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>28<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>11.3<\/td><td>12.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>210<\/td><td>205<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Grade<\/th><th>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/th><th>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>55<\/td><td>60-62<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A2<\/td><td>55<\/td><td>58-60<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>O1<\/td><td>40<\/td><td>58-62<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H13<\/td><td>25<\/td><td>48-52<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M2<\/td><td>36<\/td><td>63-65<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S7<\/td><td>28<\/td><td>50-56<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P20<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>30-36<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/th><th>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/th><th>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Preheating<\/td><td>1100\u20131200<\/td><td>1475\u20131575<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>1850\u20131900<\/td><td>1900\u20132050<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>Oil or Air<\/td><td>Air or Oil<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>300\u2013400 (3x)<\/td><td>900\u20131100 (2x)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Achievable Hardness Range<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D2:<\/strong>\u00a058-62 HRC (ideal for high wear resistance)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H13:<\/strong>\u00a048-52 HRC (excellent for hot work applications)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M2:<\/strong>\u00a0Up to 65 HRC (high-speed steel)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S7:<\/strong>\u00a050-56 HRC (shock resistance)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typical Applications + Industry Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D2:<\/strong>\u00a0Cutting tools, dies for blanking, shear blades<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A2:<\/strong>\u00a0Punches, forming dies, gauges<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>O1:<\/strong>\u00a0General-purpose tooling, jigs, dies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H13:<\/strong>\u00a0Hot forging dies, extrusion tooling, die casting molds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M2:<\/strong>\u00a0High-speed drills, taps, milling cutters<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S7:<\/strong>\u00a0Impact tools, heavy-duty punches, cold chisels<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P20:<\/strong>\u00a0Plastic injection mold bases and cores<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stock Sizes &amp; Forms<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We supply wide ranges:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Round bars:<\/strong>\u00a0Diameters from 1\/4\u2033 to 12\u2033+<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Flat bars:<\/strong>\u00a0Thicknesses from 1\/8\u2033 to 4\u2033+<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Plates:<\/strong>\u00a0Up to 6\u2033 thick and large surface dimensions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blocks:<\/strong>\u00a0Custom cut sizes available<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Our substantial inventory ensures quick turnaround for your tooling projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For additional insights into steel types used in tooling and their benefits, you might find helpful information in our guide comparing cast materials with aluminum alloys used in tooling applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Application<\/th><th>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/th><th>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>High toughness, wear &amp; heat resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cutting Tools<\/strong><\/td><td>M2, D2, A2<\/td><td>Superior hardness &amp; wear resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Plastic Molds<\/strong><\/td><td>P20, 1.2311 (pre-hardened)<\/td><td>Easy to machine, consistent dimensional stability<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Decide?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wear Resistance Needed?Look at\u00a0<strong>D2 or M2<\/strong>\u00a0for extremely hard, wear-resistant tools.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Impact &amp; Shock Loads?Choose\u00a0<strong>S7 or A2<\/strong>\u00a0for toughness to prevent cracking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High Heat Applications?Go with\u00a0<strong>H13 or M2<\/strong>, built to handle hot work &amp; thermal fatigue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Machinability &amp; Surface Finish?<strong>P20 and 420 modified<\/strong>\u00a0offer good finishes for molds with some corrosion resistance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dimensional Stability After Heat Treat?Consider\u00a0<strong>1.2311 pre-hardened<\/strong>\u00a0steels for easier machining and minimal distortion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This matrix helps simplify the complex selection process, but remember heat treatment and surface coatings will further influence tool performance. For injection molding specifics, check out our detailed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/low-volume-injection-moulding-guide-for-cost-effective-small-batch-parts\/\">low volume injection molding guide<\/a>&nbsp;for best practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By matching tool steel grades to your needs, you\u2019ll extend tool life and get better part quality with less downtime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Heat Treatment of Tool Steel \u2013 Best Practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Heat treatment is key to unlocking the full potential of tool steel material properties. Properly done, it ensures ideal hardness, toughness, and wear resistance for your application. Here\u2019s a straightforward guide to best practices, tempering curves, and common pitfalls to avoid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step-by-Step Heat Treatment Guidelines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PreheatingHeat the tool steel gradually to around 1,200\u00b0F\u20131,400\u00b0F (650\u00b0C\u2013760\u00b0C) to reduce thermal shock and minimize distortion. Preheating helps prevent cracking during higher temperature treatments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Austenitizing (Hardening)Raise the temperature to the steel\u2019s austenitizing range (typically 1,700\u00b0F\u20132,100\u00b0F or 925\u00b0C\u20131,150\u00b0C, depending on grade). Hold long enough for uniform heating\u2014usually 20\u201340 minutes per inch of thickness. Use oil, air, or gas quenching based on the steel type (e.g., H13 is air-hardened; D2 requires oil quenching).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>QuenchingRapid cooling locks in the hard microstructure. The method varies:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Oil quenching<\/strong>\u00a0for grades like D2 and O1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Air quenching<\/strong>\u00a0for air-hardening steels like A2 or H13.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gas or vacuum quenching<\/strong>\u00a0for clean, distortion-free parts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TemperingTemper immediately after quenching to reduce brittleness. Tempering temperatures typically range from 350\u00b0F to 1,100\u00b0F (175\u00b0C to 600\u00b0C), depending on desired hardness and toughness. Repeat tempering (double or triple) is common for stable properties. Use tempering curves specific to the steel grade to target the right balance of hardness and toughness.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Tempering Curves<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tempering curves plot hardness against tempering temperature. They show how hardness drops as you increase heat, revealing a sweet spot where toughness improves without too much hardness loss. For example, D2 tool steel might drop from HRC 62 at low tempering to HRC 58 at moderate tempering\u2014ideal for many die applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/mastering-horizontal-milling-machines-guide-for-precision-and-efficiency\/\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/a>&nbsp;cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Grade<\/th><th>Cutting Speed (SFM)<\/th><th>Feed Rate (IPR)<\/th><th>Notes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><td>0.002 \u2013 0.005<\/td><td>High wear resistance; use rigid setups<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A2<\/td><td>60 \u2013 90<\/td><td>0.003 \u2013 0.006<\/td><td>Easier to machine than D2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>O1<\/td><td>80 \u2013 120<\/td><td>0.004 \u2013 0.008<\/td><td>Good machinability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H13<\/td><td>80 \u2013 150<\/td><td>0.004 \u2013 0.010<\/td><td>Air-hardening; use coolant<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M2<\/td><td>100 \u2013 180<\/td><td>0.003 \u2013 0.007<\/td><td>Requires sharp tools, coolant recommended<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S7<\/td><td>70 \u2013 110<\/td><td>0.003 \u2013 0.006<\/td><td>Tough, shock-resisting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P20<\/td><td>90 \u2013 130<\/td><td>0.004 \u2013 0.008<\/td><td>Pre-hardened grade, easy to machine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.2344 (H13 equivalent)<\/td><td>80 \u2013 150<\/td><td>0.004 \u2013 0.010<\/td><td>Widely used hot work steel<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Note: Always use flooded coolant or appropriate lubrication to reduce heat and tool wear during machining.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grinding Parameters<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Grade<\/th><th>Wheel Type<\/th><th>Wheel Speed (RPM)<\/th><th>Downfeed (IPR)<\/th><th>Dressing Interval<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>CBN (cubic boron nitride)<\/td><td>3000 \u2013 3500<\/td><td>0.0002 \u2013 0.0005<\/td><td>Frequent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A2<\/td><td>Aluminum Oxide<\/td><td>2500 \u2013 3000<\/td><td>0.0003 \u2013 0.0006<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>O1<\/td><td>Aluminum Oxide<\/td><td>2500 \u2013 3000<\/td><td>0.0004 \u2013 0.0008<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H13<\/td><td>CBN \/ Aluminum Oxide<\/td><td>3000 \u2013 3500<\/td><td>0.0003 \u2013 0.0007<\/td><td>Frequent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M2<\/td><td>CBN<\/td><td>3000 \u2013 3500<\/td><td>0.0002 \u2013 0.0005<\/td><td>Frequent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S7<\/td><td>Aluminum Oxide<\/td><td>2500 \u2013 3000<\/td><td>0.0003 \u2013 0.0007<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P20<\/td><td>Aluminum Oxide<\/td><td>2500 \u2013 3000<\/td><td>0.0004 \u2013 0.0008<\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Using CBN wheels is preferred for hard grades like D2 and M2 for faster removal and cooler grinding.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">EDM Parameters (Electrical Discharge Machining)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tool Electrode Materials:<\/strong>\u00a0Copper or graphite, depending on precision and surface finish needed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pulse On Time:<\/strong>\u00a0Short pulses (10-30 \u00b5s) for fine finishes; longer pulses (50\u2013100 \u00b5s) for roughing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Discharge Current:<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>\u00a0cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/cnc-milling-guide-precision-machines-and-process-overview\/\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/tool-steel-material-properties-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/tool-steel-material-properties-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/tool-steel-material-properties-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/tool-steel-material-properties-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/tool-steel-material-properties.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">cURL Too many subrequests.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extending the life of dies and punches without sacrificing core toughness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Retaining dimensional stability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This method is often used for grades like H13 and S7 that work under repeated thermal and mechanical stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DLC coatings are amorphous carbon layers that mimic diamond properties. Their benefits include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exceptional hardness with low friction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resistance to wear and galling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Corrosion resistance, useful for tool steels exposed to harsh environments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>DLC is especially useful for plastic mold steels like P20, where sticking and wear are concerns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By choosing the right surface treatment or coating for your tool steel, you can significantly extend tool life, maintain precision, and reduce downtime. For details on dimensional stability and tolerance considerations when working with heat-treated steels, check out our detailed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/tolerance-allowance-explained-a-complete-guide-to-engineering-fits\/\">tolerance allowance explained guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Certifications &amp; Quality Assurance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the U.S. market, quality and consistency are key when choosing tool steel materials. That\u2019s why reputable tool steel suppliers provide&nbsp;<strong>Mill Test Certificates (MTCs)<\/strong>&nbsp;with every batch. These certificates verify the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and heat treatment status, ensuring you get exactly what you ordered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most tool steel materials conform to&nbsp;<strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong>&nbsp;quality management standards, which means the manufacturing process follows strict guidelines for reliability and traceability. This helps reduce variability and boosts confidence in the product\u2019s performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compliance with&nbsp;<strong>ASTM and AISI standards<\/strong>&nbsp;is another critical factor. These standards define accepted chemical and mechanical properties for tool steel grades, making it easier for manufacturers and engineers to select the right material for specific applications \u2014 whether it\u2019s cold work, hot work, or high-speed tool steel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want peace of mind for your projects, always check for certified steel supplies that back their product with full mill test reports and meet these recognized standards. This approach helps you avoid surprises and ensures your production process runs smoothly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stock Availability &amp; Custom Cutting Services<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We keep a broad inventory of popular tool steel grades in various sizes ready for immediate delivery, providing you with quick turnaround times when you need it most. Whether you\u2019re looking for round bars, flat bars, plates, or blocks, chances are we have the right size in stock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our custom cutting services include precise sawing, milling, and grinding to match your exact project requirements. This means you get clean, ready-to-use pieces that save you time and effort before machining or heat treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Available Stock Sizes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Round bars: typically from small diameters up to large-size stocks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flat bars and plates: multiple thicknesses and widths<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blocks: for heavy-duty or prototype tooling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Custom Processing Services:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sawing:<\/strong>\u00a0Accurate sectional cuts with minimal burrs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Milling:<\/strong>\u00a0Tight dimensional tolerances for complex shapes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grinding:<\/strong>\u00a0Surface finishes and precise thickness control<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>With our local cutting and processing options, you avoid shipping delays and get tailored tool steel materials quickly. This is especially important for time-sensitive tooling jobs or when working with high-demand grades like D2, H13, or M2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to optimize your machining setup, understanding different tooling types and heads can enhance productivity \u2014 check out our detailed guide on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/different-types-of-drill-bit-heads-guide-with-uses-and-tips\/\">different types of drill bit heads<\/a>&nbsp;to help plan your operations better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019re here to ensure your tool steel order fits your specifications perfectly and arrives promptly to keep your production moving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQs About Tool Steel Properties<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are answers to some common questions we get from users about tool steel properties to help you make the right choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Question<\/th><th>Answer<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>cURL Too many subrequests.<\/strong><\/td><td>It means the steel can reach full hardness just by cooling in air after heat treatment, simplifying the process.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want more detailed technical specs or help picking the right grade for your project, feel free to contact us via live chat or request a quote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a deeper breakdown on selecting the right tool steel and understanding fits and tolerances in your tooling, check our detailed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/engineering-fit-guide-types-tolerances-and-selection-explained\/\">engineering fit guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related Products &amp; Resources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For easy access to detailed tool steel information, we offer a&nbsp;<strong>Downloadable PDF Catalog<\/strong>&nbsp;packed with technical specs, chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and heat treatment guidelines for all major grades. This comprehensive catalog helps you quickly compare different materials and select the best grade for your application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, our&nbsp;<strong>Hardness Conversion Table<\/strong>&nbsp;makes it simple to switch between common hardness scales (HRC, HRB, Vickers, Brinell), an essential tool when verifying material specs or planning heat treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We also provide a handy&nbsp;<strong>Tempering Parameter Calculator<\/strong>&nbsp;link, designed to help adjust tempering temperatures and times for optimal toughness and stability tailored to your specific tool steel grade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These resources support informed decisions and maximize efficiency, ensuring you get the right tool steel with precise properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more precise machining and preparation tips, check out our guide on&nbsp;<strong>how to measure a screw thread accurately with calipers and gauges<\/strong>&nbsp;to maintain quality standards throughout manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Get Your Tool Steel Quote Today<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ready to find the perfect tool steel grade for your project? Request a fast, no-obligation quotation now! Whether you need D2, H13, M2, or any other popular grade, our team is here to help you choose the right material with the right specs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instant material recommendations, you can also reach out via live chat, WhatsApp, or email. We\u2019ll guide you through grades, heat treatment options, and delivery details so you get exactly what you need\u2014on time and on budget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Don\u2019t wait\u2014contact us now and get started with top-quality tool steel for your application!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explore comprehensive tool steel material properties with detailed grades, chemical composition, hardness, heat treatment, and application guides. Quick Comparison Table: Top Tool Steel Grades Here\u2019s a snapshot of the most popular tool steel grades used across industries. This quick guide covers their key properties, typical hardness, and main applications\u2014helping you pick the right material fast. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[1615,1526,961,445,959,286],"class_list":["post-7328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-stainless-steel","tag-d2-a2-h13-m2","tag-hardness","tag-heat-treatment","tag-machining","tag-tool-steel","tag-wear-resistance"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7328"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7332,"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7328\/revisions\/7332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vast-cast.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}